03-04-2026, 04:36 PM
Forum: Corporate & SECP Matters کمپنیوں کے متعلق
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Topics in attached document:
- Section 166
- Consecutive Terms
- Term Eligibility
- Recommendations
Notice and Decision under section 111 necessary before proceedings under section 122
2024 SCMR 700 CIR Millat Tractors
Head Notes:
2024 S C M R 700
[Supreme Court of Pakistan]
Present: Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, Amin-ud-Din Khan and Jamal Khan Mandokhail, JJ
COMMISSIONER INLAND REVENUE, LAHORE---Appellant
Versus
Messrs MILLAT TRACTORS LIMITED, LAHORE and others---Respondents
Civil Appeals Nos.87 to 106 of 2024 in Civil Petitions Nos.2447-L, 2448-L, 2601- L to 2606-L, 2765-L, 2787-L, 2834-L, 2901-L, 2915-L, 2928-L, 2944-L to 2946-L,
2992-L of 2022 and Civil Petitions Nos. 646-L and 647-L of 2023, decided on lst February, 2024.
(Against the judgment/order(s) of Lahore High Court, Lahore dated 09.06.2022, passed in ITR No.59534 of 2021, etc. and dated 12.01.2023 passed in ITR No.
79913 of 2022 and ITR No. 1420 of 2023).
(a) Income Tax Ordinance (XLIX of 2001)—-- ----Ss. 111 & 122 (as it existed prior to amendment by the Finance Act, 2020)—-- Unexplained income or assets---Amendment of an assessment---Notices issued under Sections 111 & 122(9) of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 ( Ordinance )--- Whether a separate notice is required under Section 111 of the Ordinance or whether a notice under Section 122(9) is enough to initiate proceedings for amendment of the assessment on the grounds mentioned in Section 111 of the Ordinance---Held, that the proceedings under Sections 111 & 122 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 ( Ordinance ) are different and distinguishable in nature and cannot be subsumed---Before an assessment can be amended under Section 122 on the basis of Section 111, the proceedings under Section 111(1) are to be initiated, the taxpayer is to be confronted with the information and the grounds applicable under Section 111(1) through a separate notice under the said provision, and then the proceedings are to be culminated through an appropriate order in the shape of an opinion of the Commissioner---This then becomes definite information for the purposes of Section 122(5), provided the grounds mentioned in Section 122(5) are applicable---The taxpayer is then to be confronted with these grounds through a notice under Section 122(9) and only then can an assessment be amended under Section 122. The initiation and culmination of proceedings under Section 111 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 ( Ordinance ) becomes necessary before action can be taken under Section 122 to amend assessments on the basis of proceedings undertaken under Section 111. The information available with the department under Section 111(1) is mere information. It is only after the taxpayer is confronted with this information through a separate notice by calling for an explanation, and when no explanation is offered or the explanation is not satisfactory in the opinion of the Commissioner under Section 111(1), that it transforms or crystallizes into definite information for the purposes of action under Section 122(5) for amendment of assessment under Section 122. The taxpayer will then be confronted with the grounds applicable under Section 122(5) through a notice under Section 122(9) of the Ordinance. As such, where the Commissioner has formed an opinion against the taxpayer as to the fulfilment of one of the grounds mentioned in Section lll(l)(a) to (d) of the Ordinance, and is of the view that any of the grounds in Section 122(5) is applicable, the process under Section 122 is to be initiated to amend assessments through a notice under Section 122(9). Thus, unless the proceedings under Section 111(1) are initiated and completed, Section 122(5) cannot be given effect to and no notice under Section 122(9) can be issued for the purposes of amending an assessment through an addition contemplated under Section 111. After the amendment introduced in Section 122(5) of the Ordinance through the Finance Act, 2020, the words definite information acquired from an audit or otherwise have been substituted with audit or on the basis of definite information . Therefore, the interpretation rendered above as to the applicability of Section 122(5) may not be applicable to cases post 2020 and the effect of the substituted expression will have to be determined in an appropriate case in the future. Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Bashir Ahmed 2021 SCMR 1290; Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Faqir Hussain 2019 PTD 1282; Commissioner
Inland Revenue v. Ranipur CNG Station 2017 PTD 1839 and Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Muhammad Shafique 2015 PTD 1823 ref. Before an assessment can be amended under Section 122 on the basis of Section 111, the proceedings under Section 111(1) are to be initiated, the taxpayer is to be confronted with the information and the grounds applicable under Section 111(1) through a separate notice under the said provision, and then the proceedings are to be culminated through an appropriate order in the shape of an opinion of the Commissioner. This then becomes definite information for the purposes of Section 122(5), provided the grounds mentioned in Section 122(5) are applicable. The taxpayer is then to be confronted with these grounds through a notice under Section 122(9) and only then can an assessment be amended under Section 122. A notice under Section 111 can be simultaneously issued with a notice under Section 122(9), however, proceedings under Section 111 have to be finalized first in terms of an opinion of the Commissioner so as to constitute definite information, as is required under Section 122(5) of the Ordinance. Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Falah 2021 PTD 192; Commissioner Inland Revenue V. Faqir Hussain 2019 PTD 1828; Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Ranipur CNG Station 2017 PTD 1839 and Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Bashir Ahmed 2021 SCMR 1290 ref. Even where a notice under Section 111 is issued simultaneously with a notice to
amend an assessment under Section 122(9) of the Ordinance, no proceedings can be undertaken under the latter until the proceedings under Section 111 are finalized
and result in an opinion against the taxpayer. This is because, even if some basis for action under Section 111 is mentioned in a notice under Section 122(9), it cannot
constitute definite information for the purposes of Section 122(5). The proceedings under the notice issued under Section 122(9) can only be formally initiated when the requirement of definite information is satisfied under Section 122(5) after finalization of the proceedings under Section 111 through an opinion of the Commissioner. Therefore, where no opinion is formed against the taxpayer under Section 111, the proceedings under both provisions i.e., Sections 111 and 122
would lapse, and the notice under Section 122(9) would be of no legal effect. Where, however, there is an opinion formed against the taxpayer as definite information for the purposes of Section 122(5), the proceedings on the notice issued under Section 122(9) can formally proceed and shall be deemed to have commenced. It must also be noted that where the opinion formed against the taxpayer under Section 111 is materially different from what has been confronted to the taxpayer through the notice already issued under Section 122(9), and the Commissioner is of the View that another or different ground under Section 122(5) is applicable, a fresh or supplementary show cause notice under Section 122(9) must be issued to the taxpayer by confronting such ground(s) to the taxpayer. This is in view of the right to be treated in accordance with the law, and the principles of fair trial and due process enshrined in Articles 4 and 10A of the Constitution, respectively, and in terms of settled law that once a show cause notice is issued, the original adjudication on the said show cause notice can only be based on the grounds and allegations levelled therein. Commissioner Inland Revenue v. RYK Mills 2023 SCMR 1856; Collector Central Excise v. Rahm Din 1987 SCMR 1840 and Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Rose Food Industries 2023 SCMR 2070 ref. Two provisos have been added after Section 122(9) through the Finance Act, 2021 and further amended through the Finance Act, 2022, which provide for a time period from the date of issuance a show cause notice for making an order under Section 122. The said time period is to be considered as commencing on the day that the taxpayer is confronted with the opinion formed by the Commissioner under Section 111(1), as it is only then that the proceedings under Section 122 are to be formally taken up. This reconciliation harmonizes Section 111, its Explanation and Section 122(5) of the Ordinance.
(b) Income Tax Ordinance (XLIX of 2001)--- ----Ss. 111, Explanation & l22---Explanation introduced in Section 111 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 ( Ordinance ) pursuant to the Finance Act, 2021--- Effect---On a plain reading of the said Explanation, it appears that it is couched in clarificatory and declaratory terms for removal of doubt ---However, the intention behind the Explanation and the effect of adding the Explanation is to take away the right to a separate notice and proceedings under Section 111 if the grounds under Section 111(1)(a) to (d) are confronted to the taxpayer through a notice under Section 122(9) of the Ordinance---Therefore, in essence, it abridges the right to a separate notice and proceedings under Section 111 of the Ordinance, which was the requirement of the law---As a consequence, the Explanation takes away a substantive right of separate proceedings of the taxpayer, which otherwise existed prior to the introduction of the Explanation in Section 111---Explanation added in Section 111 of the Ordinance divests and affects a substantive right of the taxpayer to a separate notice and proceedings under Section 111, thus, the same would not have retrospective effect and would apply prospectively---Effect of the Explanation, therefore, is only to dispense with the requirement of a separate notice under Section 111, however, it cannot subsume two different and distinguishable proceedings under Sections 111 & 122---As such, while the Explanation dispenses with the requirement of a separate notice under Section 111, it does not dispense with the requirement that in case proceedings are initiated under Section 122(5) on the basis of definite information to be provided through Section 111, the proceedings under Section 111 are to be concluded first in the manner provided under the law and till such time, the proceedings under Section 122(9) cannot be given effect to---Therefore, as far as the cases prior to the Explanation are concerned, a separate notice is required to be issued under Section 111 before proceedings can be initiated under Section 122---Simultaneity of notices issued under Sections 111 & 122(9) is not of much consequence and the proceedings under Section 111 have to proceed first and be finalized before proceedings under Section 122 are formally taken up---After the introduction of the Explanation in Section 111 in the year 2021, a notice encompassing both the grounds under Section 111(1) and Section 122(5) can be issued under Section 122(9), however, the proceedings under Section 111 still have to be concluded first and thereafter the remaining part of the notice under Section 122(9) can be given effect to.
© Interpretation of statutes--- ----Exp1anation to an enactment---Rationale and scope---Purpose of an Explanation is ordinarily to explain some concept or expression or phrase occurring in the main provision---It is not uncommon for the legislature to accord either an extended or restricted meaning to such concept or expression by inserting an appropriate Explanation---Such a clarificatory provision is to be interpreted according to its own terms having regard to its context and not as to widen the ambit of the provision---As a general rule, an explanation added to a statutory provision is not a substantive provision in any sense of the term but as the plain meaning of the word itself shows, it is merely meant to explain or clarify certain ambiguities which may have crept in the statutory provision---Object of adding an Explanation to a statutory provision is only to facilitate its proper interpretation and to remove confusion and misunderstanding as to its true nature---It is relied upon only as a useful guide or in aid to the construction of the main provision---It is in this view of its effect that courts have normally given retrospective effect to such clarificatory or declaratory provisions in the shape of an Explanation---However, where the effect of the Explanation warps out of its normal purpose explained above, and acts as a substantive enactment or deeming provision, or enlarges substantive provisions of law or creates new liabilities, such an Explanation cannot be given retrospective effect unless the express language of the Explanation warrants such an interpretation.
M.N. Rao and Amita Dhanda in N S Bindra's - Interpretation of Statutes (12th Edition, 2016); Rehman Cotton Mills v. Federation of Pakistan 2016 PTD 1256; M. P. Tandon - Interpretation of Statutes (12th Edition, 2019); Rehman Cotton Mills V. Federation of Pakistan 2016 PTD 1256; Hussain Patel v. Habib PLD 1981 SC 1; Chief Administrator Auqaf v. Koura PLD 1991 SC 596; Hamid Ashraf v. Commissioner Inland Revenue 2020 SCMR 843; Commissioner of Income Tax v. Asbestos Cement Industries 1993 SCMR 1276; Kohinoor Sugar Mills v. Federation of Pakistan 2018 PTD 821; Commissioner Inland Revenue v. Trillium Pakistan 2019 SCMR 1643 and Commissioner of Income Tax V. Nazir Ahmed and Sons 2004 PTD 921 ref.
(d) Interpretation of statutes--- ----Retrospective and prospective application of law---Principles---A change in substantive law which divests and adversely affects vested rights of the parties shall always have prospective application unless by express word of the legislation and/or by necessary intendment/ implication such law has been made applicable retrospectively---As a cardinal principle of interpretation of statutes, tax statutes operate prospectively and not retrospectively unless clearly indicated by the legislature, therefore, retrospectivity cannot be presumed---Where an insertion or deletion of any provision in the rules or the law is merely procedural in nature, the same would apply retrospectively but not if it affects substantive rights which already stood accrued at the time when the un-amended rule or provision was in vogue---A provision curtailing substantive rights does not have retroactive operation unless the legislature elects to give it retrospective effect---Thus, where existing rights are affected or giving retroactive operation causes inconvenience or injustice, the Court will not favour an interpretation giving retrospective effect even where the provision is procedural.
کیا اب ایف بی آر من مانی نہیں کر سکے گا؟
یہ مقدمہ دراصل ٹیکس قانون کی تشریح اور اطلاق سے متعلق ایک اہم قانونی تنازع تھا، جس میں کمشنر ان لینڈ ریونیو اور میاں لیاقت علی، پروپرائٹر لیاقت ہسپتال لاہور آمنے سامنے تھے۔ معاملہ اس وقت پیدا ہوا جب ٹیکس دہندہ نے ٹیکس سال 2016 سے 2018 تک اپنی ریٹرنز جمع کروائیں۔ بعد ازاں ٹیکس حکام کو ایک شکایت موصول ہوئی جس میں یہ الزام لگایا گیا کہ ٹیکس دہندہ نے اپنے کاروبار سے حاصل ہونے والی کچھ سیلز کو ظاہر نہیں کیا اور یوں اپنی قابلِ ٹیکس آمدنی کو کم ظاہر کیا۔ اس اطلاع کی بنیاد پر متعلقہ ان لینڈ ریونیو افسر نے انکم ٹیکس آرڈیننس 2001 کی دفعہ 122(5) کے تحت کارروائی شروع کی، جو اس صورت میں اسیسمنٹ میں ترمیم کی اجازت دیتی ہے جب ٹیکس حکام کو یہ معلوم ہو جائے کہ کوئی آمدنی ٹیکس سے بچ گئی ہے۔
نوٹس کے جواب میں ٹیکس دہندہ نے مؤقف اختیار کیا کہ اگرچہ کچھ سیلز ظاہر نہیں ہوئیں، تاہم کسی بھی کاروباری سرگرمی میں سیلز بذاتِ خود آمدنی نہیں ہوتیں بلکہ ان سے وابستہ اخراجات اور لاگت کو منہا کرنے کے بعد جو رقم بچتی ہے وہی حقیقی آمدنی یا منافع تصور ہوتی ہے۔ اس لیے اگر کوئی پوشیدہ سیلز موجود بھی ہوں تو ٹیکس کا تعین صرف اس نیٹ انکم پر کیا جانا چاہیے جو اخراجات اور لاگت نکالنے کے بعد باقی رہتی ہے۔
تاہم ٹیکس افسر نے کارروائی کا رخ تبدیل کرتے ہوئے معاملہ انکم ٹیکس آرڈیننس کی دفعہ 111(1)(d) کے تحت لے گیا۔ اس دفعہ کے تحت اگر کسی شخص کی آمدنی یا سیلز چھپائی گئی ہوں اور وہ اس کی تسلی بخش وضاحت فراہم نہ کر سکے تو اس رقم کو اس کی قابلِ ٹیکس آمدنی میں شامل کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ ٹیکس حکام نے اس دفعہ کی تشریح کرتے ہوئے یہ مؤقف اختیار کیا کہ چونکہ سیلز چھپائی گئی ہیں اس لیے پوری سیلز کو ہی آمدنی تصور کر کے اس پر ٹیکس عائد کیا جا سکتا ہے، اور اس میں کسی قسم کی لاگت یا اخراجات کی کٹوتی قابلِ قبول نہیں ہوگی۔
اس فیصلے کے خلاف ٹیکس دہندہ نے پہلے کمشنر اپیلز اور پھر ایپیلیٹ ٹریبونل ان لینڈ ریونیو سے رجوع کیا۔ ٹریبونل نے قرار دیا کہ ٹیکس حکام کی یہ تشریح درست نہیں، کیونکہ کاروباری لین دین میں سیلز اور آمدنی ایک ہی چیز نہیں ہوتیں۔ ٹریبونل کے مطابق سیلز کے ساتھ لازماً لاگت اور اخراجات منسلک ہوتے ہیں، اس لیے پورے سیلز کو آمدنی قرار دے کر ٹیکس عائد کرنا قانون اور ٹیکس کے بنیادی اصولوں کے منافی ہے۔ ہائی کورٹ نے بھی ٹریبونل کے اس مؤقف کی توثیق کی۔
بالآخر یہ معاملہ سپریم کورٹ آف پاکستان کے سامنے آیا، جہاں عدالتِ عظمیٰ نے قانون کی جامع تشریح کرتے ہوئے یہ اصول واضح کیا کہ انکم ٹیکس کا بنیادی تصور آمدنی (Income) پر مبنی ہے، نہ کہ محض وصولیوں یا سیلز (Gross Receipts) پر۔ عدالت نے قرار دیا کہ دفعہ 111(1)(d) کی تشریح اس انداز میں نہیں کی جا سکتی کہ ہر صورت میں پوری سیلز کو ہی قابلِ ٹیکس آمدنی سمجھ لیا جائے۔ اگر سیلز یا پیداوار کو بنیاد بنایا بھی جائے تو اس کے ساتھ وابستہ اخراجات اور لاگت کو مدنظر رکھنا ضروری ہے، کیونکہ حقیقی آمدنی وہی ہوتی ہے جو اخراجات منہا کرنے کے بعد باقی رہتی ہے۔
سپریم کورٹ نے مزید یہ بھی واضح کیا کہ اگر ٹیکس حکام کو یہ اختیار دے دیا جائے کہ وہ بیک وقت مختلف قانونی دفعات استعمال کرتے ہوئے کبھی نیٹ آمدنی اور کبھی مجموعی وصولیوں کو بنیاد بنا کر ٹیکس عائد کریں، تو یہ اختیار غیر محدود صوابدید (Unfettered Discretion) میں تبدیل ہو جائے گا جو قانون کے اصولِ مساوات اور منصفانہ ٹیکس نظام کے منافی ہے۔ اسی بنیاد پر عدالت نے قرار دیا کہ ٹیکس حکام کی جانب سے پوری سیلز کو آمدنی قرار دینا درست قانونی مؤقف نہیں تھا۔
چنانچہ سپریم کورٹ نے ٹیکس حکام کی اپیل مسترد کرتے ہوئے ٹریبونل اور ہائی کورٹ کے فیصلوں کو برقرار رکھا اور یہ اصول قائم کیا کہ دفعہ 111(1)(d) کے اطلاق کے باوجود ٹیکس کا تعین حقیقی آمدنی یعنی نیٹ انکم کی بنیاد پر ہی کیا جائے گا، نہ کہ مجموعی سیلز یا گراس رسیٹس کی بنیاد پر۔
Hamid Ullah Khan
CEO
Unified Group
03004020902
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Understanding the Sales Tax Act in Pakistan can feel like navigating a maze.
? The "Step-by-Step" Checklist for Tax Classification:
To determine the tax rate for any product, always follow this hierarchy:
1- ????? ???????? (????-?????): This applies to Exports and specific supplies like raw materials to Export Processing Zones (EPZ). The rate is 0%, but unlike exempt goods, the input tax paid is refundable.
2- ????? ???????? (?????? ?????): If the item is listed here, it is out of the scope of Sales Tax. No tax is charged, and no input tax can be adjusted or refunded. Examples include live animals like day-old chicks.
3- ?????? ???????? (??????? ?????): If not exempt, check if it qualifies for a lower rate (e.g., 1% for Electric Vehicles or 10% for laptops/computers) instead of the standard 18%.
4- ???????? ????? ????????: If products do not qualify for exemptions or reduced rates. Also, If a product is not listed in the Sixth Schedule (Exempt) or the Eighth Schedule (Reduced Rate), it is generally taxed at the Standard Rate of 18% on the Value of Supply (the transaction price between parties) or, if the item falls under the Third Schedule, it is calculated based on the Retail Price.
5- ????? ???????? (?????? ????? ??????): If the item is taxable at the standard rate (18% or 25%), check if it falls under the Third Schedule. For these items (e.g., juices, tea, shampoos), tax is calculated on the Retail Price intended for the final consumer, not the manufacturer's sale price.
6- ????? ???????? (?????? ??????): A specialized category where taxes (18% or 25%) are generally settled at the import or manufacturing stage.
??????????: ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??????.
By Muhammad Raza, FCA
Read at Business Recorder Website
The decision largely resolves constitutional concerns surrounding the Super Tax.
How to add a debit note to an FTN holder, as they usually don't file their returns?
Questions / Scenarios:
1) Is Maturity Payment of "Life Insurance Plan" is Taxable
2) How to disclosure Life insurance Premium Paid in Tax Returns (Should Profit/Bonus Credited in Account may also be disclosed)
Findings:
1) Life Insurance Maturity payment is not explicitly discussed in Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. However, unless any receipt is specifically made taxable in its nature, it can not be treated as taxable. Therefore, the assumption is it remain exempt.
2) I only show Premium paid by myself.
However, another way could be to show bonuses and profits credited to my insurance plan may as Asset, while in Income we can show such Profits/Bonuses (Exempt Income).
In this way if Maturity Payment is made taxable in future, then the split is over earlier periods may avoid taxation of whole amount.
A significant legal ambiguity within the Punjab Sales Tax on Services Act 2012 created a foundational conflict between taxpayers and the revenue authority. The core of the issue lay in the Act's definition of a taxable "economic activity," which included the "supply of movable or immovable property by way of lease, licence or such similar arrangements." This language was interpreted by the Punjab Revenue Authority (PRA) in its broadest sense, leading it to contend that all supplies of property by developers, including outright sales, were taxable "services." This interpretation was contested by developers, who argued that their specific activity which was outright sales, did not fall under the legal definition of "lease, licence or such similar arrangements" and therefore was not a taxable service.
02-12-2025, 11:26 AM
Forum: Constitution and Other Non-Tax Laws نان ٹیکس اور آئین
- No Replies
For any private company in Islamabad, understanding which employee benefits mandatory are is a critical point of compliance. The answer is complicated because there isn't one single "labor law." Instead, a company's obligations are determined by a mix of different laws which are listed. This article breaks down the relevant laws and provides a clear, tiered guide based on the number of your employees.
- The Employees' Old-Age Benefits Act, 1976 (EOBI): This is the federal law for employee pensions.
- The Provincial Employees' Social Security Ordinance, 1965 (ESSI): In the capital, this is administered by the ICT Employees Social Security Institution (IESSI) and covers health and cash benefits for employees.
- The West Pakistan Shops & Establishments Ordinance, 1969: This law governs the basic working conditions (like leave and termination notice) for smaller businesses.
- The Industrial and Commercial Employment (Standing Orders) Ordinance, 1968: This is the stricter law that applies to larger, more established companies. It is the law that makes Gratuity and Group Insurance mandatory.
- Companies with 1 to 19 employees are governed by the 1969 Shops & Establishments Ordinance. This law provides basic protections but does not include a legal requirement to pay Gratuity.
- When a company hires its 20th employee, it crosses a legal threshold. The 1968 Standing Orders Ordinance kicks in, and this law replaces many of the rules of the 1969 ordinance, imposing stricter obligations: most notably, mandatory Gratuity.
- Social Security (IESSI): Not Mandatory.
- EOBI (Pensions): Not Mandatory.
- Gratuity / Provident Fund: Not Mandatory.
- Group Life Insurance: Not Mandatory.
- What is required: You must still follow the 1969 Ordinance for basic rules like working hours, annual leave, and providing a written termination notice.
- Social Security (IESSI): Mandatory. This is the first scheme that applies. Once you hire your 5th employee, you are generally required to register with IESSI for employee health and social security benefits.
- EOBI (Pensions): Optional. For years, the rule was 5+ employees. However, a 2021 government reform (F081) exempted micro/small organizations (5-9 employees) from mandatory registration to ease the burden on small businesses. You can still register voluntarily, but it is no longer a legal obligation at this size.
- Gratuity / Provident Fund: Not Mandatory. The 1969 Ordinance still applies.
- Social Security (IESSI): Mandatory.
- EOBI (Pensions): Mandatory. The exemption for 5-9 employees ends. At 10 or more employees, registration with EOBI is a legal requirement. This aligns with the original 1976 Act and current official EOBI policy.
- Gratuity / Provident Fund: Not Mandatory. You are still governed by the 1969 Ordinance, which does not mandate this benefit.
- Social Security (IESSI): Mandatory.
- EOBI (Pensions): Mandatory.
- Gratuity / Provident Fund: Mandatory. This is the "benefits cliff." The 1968 Ordinance legally requires you to pay a gratuity to eligible employees. The law states you are exempt from paying gratuity only if you have a Provident Fund where the employer's contribution is equal to or greater than the employee's contribution.
- Group Life Insurance: Mandatory. This is also triggered by the 1968 Ordinance (Standing Order 10-B). The threshold is 20+ employees for commercial establishments (like offices or shops) and 50+ for industrial establishments.
16-11-2025, 10:02 PM
Forum: Corporate & SECP Matters کمپنیوں کے متعلق
- Replies (2)
Companies Act 2017 had introduced a new category of Director i.e. Contractual
Now the questions arise:
1) Can a non-member be appointed as contractual Director
2) What will be his/her tenure
3) Do we need any amendment in Articles of Association
4) Will it has any impact on number of Directors fixed during election of directors
